Transactions and Block Architecture
A transaction in GateChain represents a fundamental operation that triggers state changes in the blockchain. Understanding the transaction and block architecture is crucial for developers working with GateChain.
Transaction Flow
1. Transaction Creation and Propagation
- Users create and sign transactions using their private keys
- Signed transactions are propagated to the GateChain network
- Each transaction contains essential information such as sender, recipient, value, and data
2. Transaction Pool (Mempool)
- Unconfirmed transactions are stored in the mempool
- Validators select transactions from the mempool based on:
- Gas price priority
- Transaction nonce
- Account balance validation
3. Block Creation
- Validators create new blocks by:
- Selecting transactions from the mempool
- Validating transaction signatures
- Executing transaction operations
- Updating the state
4. Block Validation and Consensus
- New blocks go through consensus mechanism
- Other validators verify:
- Block hash
- Transaction signatures
- State transitions
- Consensus rules
5. Block Finalization
- Once consensus is reached:
- Block is added to the chain
- State is updated
- Transactions are marked as confirmed
Block Structure
Block Header
- Previous block hash
- Timestamp
- Block height
- State root
- Transaction root
- Consensus-related data
Block Body
- List of transactions
- Transaction receipts
- Execution results
Transaction Types
-
Value Transfer
- Standard token transfers
- Native token (GT) transfers
-
Smart Contract Operations
- Contract deployment
- Contract method calls
- State modifications
-
System Operations
- Validator operations
- Governance proposals
- Parameter updates
Transaction Lifecycle
-
Creation
- Transaction signing
- Parameter setting
- Gas estimation
-
Validation
- Signature verification
- Balance checks
- Nonce validation
-
Execution
- State changes
- Event emission
- Result recording
-
Finalization
- Receipt generation
- State commitment
- Block inclusion
